Infertility is the inability to conceive a child after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. It can affect both men and women and may be due to a variety of factors including hormonal imbalances, structural problems, age, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions. In women, common causes include ovulation disorders, fallopian tube damage, and uterine abnormalities. In men, infertility may result from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or blockages. Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, medical history reviews, and specialized tests like semen analysis, hormone testing, and imaging studies. Treatments range from lifestyle modifications and medications to assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF). Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.